Learn About Computer Networking

What is Network ?

• Two or more computer that are linked in order to share resources like...

1. Internet connect
2. Network devices 
3. Data,...etc...

 What is Networking ?

• Networking in the field of computing is the practice of linking computer devices together to support digital communication among them.

What is Networker ?

• A person who can create,manage and maintain the computer connective is know as networker.
• A person who is look after is know network or Administrator.

Advantage of the Network ?

1. Speed : we can send data by network so fast.
2. Cost : One time expanses not need of DVD,DC,PEN Drive.
3. Security : Data go with securely in lab nobody can know about it.
4. Electronic mail :  We can send data, photo and other information by mail in all over the word.

 Disadvantage Of the Network ?

1. Virus problem: Due to the network, virus can be effect one to other system.
2. Required for networker: If any problem is create we have to call the networker to repair to network.

Type of Network

1. LAN : Connection of two and more than two computers are called as Local Area Network. This network connect a very small geographical area.  
2. CAN: Connection of two and more than two LAN is called as Campus Area Network
3. MAN: Connection of two or more than two CAN or Cities are called as Metropolitan Area Network
4. WAN :-The connection of two or more than two different geographical area is called as Wide Area Network.
    

 Type of transmission

1. UNICAST : Unicast is a type of transmission in which information is sent from only one sender to only one receiver. Eg. Phone call,Chating.
2. BROADCAST : broadcast is a type of transmission in which information is sent from only one sender to receiver all.
3. MULTICAST : Multicast is a type of transmission in which information is sent from only one sender to receiver by many.

What is Communication Method ?

• How to network devices can communication with other devices is known as communication method.

What is Simplex ?

• Simplex is one way direction.
• A good example would be your keyboard to your cpu.
• computer almost always send characters to printer but printer usually never send character to computer.

What is half duplex ?

• half duplex is two way communication
• good example of the half duplex is over and out word is necessary for proper communication.

What is full duplex ?

• Full duplex is two way communication.
• two and more devices can communicate with each other at a time.

Network Devices

1. Repeater : repeater regenerate incoming signals to extend the range of local area network.
2. Hub : hub is really nothing more than a multiport repeater. As signal are sent between systems connected to a hub, they are not only regenerated, but also forwarded out each port.
3. Switch : The working of a networking hub is not much different from a switch. switch has the ability to store the mac address. switch is a intelligent devices of network. switch sends broadcast and unicast packet. switch work on lan network.
4. Modem : Modem is devices which is use converting digital to analog and analog to digital networking.
5. NIC Card : Network interface card is use for connection media to motherboard. A nic technically is network adapter hardware add in card such as a pci slot in motherboard.
6. Router : Router is device which is use for connecting two different network and finding best path to reach source and destination. it is one type super computer.

 Protocol

• protocol is language which is use for communicating between two or more than two devices.
• Networking is work on base protocols, if any protocol is stopped that packet will not send.
• there is different type of protocol.

1.  HTTP: Hyper text transfer protocol. this protocol is use for connecting web browser to web server. it is use for connecting home page to client. port no is 80.
2. FTP: File Transfer Protocol. This protocol is use for transferring data to one to other pc. when data is download at that time FTP is use. Port No is 21
3. SMTP: Simple mail transfer protocol. This protocol is use for sending mail. Port no is 25
4. Pop3: Post office protocol. This protocol is use for receiving mail. Port no is 110
5. TFTP: Trivial file transfer protocol. This protocol is use for travelling data for backup packets. Port no is 69.
6. DHCP: Dynamic host configuration protocol. it is use for assign ip address automatically to pc. port no is 67,68
7. DNS: Domain name service. This is use for converting name to ip and ip to name. port no is 53
8. NTP: Network time protocol. it is use for time synchronization. port no is 123.
9. ARP: Address resolution protocol. it is use for converting mac address to ip address.
10. RARP: Reveres address resolution protocol. it is use for converting ip to mac address.
11. IP: Internet protocol. it is use for identify ip address.
12. RDP: Remote desktop protocol. it is use for remote desktop service. port no is 3389.
13. TELNET: This is use for remotely access with CLI base. port no is 23.
14. TCP: Transmission control protocol. it is suit protocol, it is use for data transfering and base protocol of all protocol. port no is 17.
15. UDP: User data gram protocol. UDP transferring data and base protocol of all protocol. port no is 6.
16. SNMP: Simple networking managing protocol. this is use for monitoring of network. port no is 161.

 What is port no ?

• port no means sockets which is logical path
• total port no 65535
• reserve port 0 to 1023
• public port 1024 to 65535

I.P Address

• Address are use for identification. it is like name of person.
• it is stored in lan card.
• ip add is logical address.
• it has 32 bit.
• it has 4 octet.
• each octet have 8 bit.
• it work on layer 3.
• it is changing.

MAC Address

• MAC is LAN address, which use for identify data in to the LAN.
• it is work on layer 2.
• it is 48 bit hexadecimal.
• switch can understand MAC address.
• it is use for system identification.
• it is permanent.

Cable

• cable is the medium through which information usually moves from one network device to another.
• Tree types of cable are used.

1. Coaxial Cable: Coaxial cable has a single copper conductor at its center. A plastic layer provides insulation between the center conductor and a braided metal shield.The metal shield helps to block any outside interface from fluorescent lights, motors, and other computer
2. Twisted pair cable: Twisted pair cable is divided in to two category. 1.Unshielded twisted pair cable. 2.Shielded twisted pair cable. The standard connector for unshielded twisted pair cabling is an RJ 45 connector. the cable has four pairs of wires inside the jacket.
3. Fiber optical cable: Fiber optical cable is latest technology in cable. in this cable data is converting in to the light. this cable is divided in to two part. 1. single mode cable. 2. multi mode cable.

Network Troubleshooting

• Network troubleshooting is very importuned thing for administrator to short out any problem in the network.
• troubleshooting of ping. check NIC card is install or not. ip address are give or not. check cable crimping. cable is connected with RJ45 or not. firewall must be off.